In July of 1967, the Department of State, and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), sought to develop and fund a program that would promote the delivery of medical care in South Vietnam. The Lynden Johnson Administration foreign policy in Vietnam at the time wanted to establish a "social revolution" in Vietnam by building schools, medical facilities and houses to counteract the U.S. military presence. USAID introduced the Division for Vietnam Assistance to the United States Catholic Conference (USCC) currently known as the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB). Subsequently, on June 1, 1968 the Vietnam Assistance Program was approved by the Administrative Board of the USCC. The "social revolution" was dependant on voluntarily relief services, such as the NCWC/USCC Vietnamese Assistance Program. This policy dealt with specific concerns that the National Catholic Welfare Conference (NCWC) had been trying to address as well; issues of war and peace and the Catholic Church's involvement in positive international relations.
The Vietnam Assistance Program was a division of the Department of Health Affairs and was funded by USAID. The Program's mission detailed two main agendas; the first was to provide healthcare to the local population and the other was to work with the Vietnamese government on the advancement of a public health system.
The Apostolic Delegate and the USCC held negotiations with the Department of Health Affairs to recruit primary personnel members belonging to the Catholic Sisterhoods, along with specialized medical personnel such as physicians, nurses and technicians. The belief was that by employing qualified medical personnel from the Catholic Sisterhoods it would foster good relations with the Vietnam Ministry of Health to work on improving their medical and public health system. It took six months to negotiate a contract, but eventually the USCC and the Department of State signed a two-year reimbursement type contract with an allotment in the sum of $1,040,000 for the Vietnam Assistance Program instituted in the Department of Health Affairs. Under the guidelines of the contract, personal members began serving in Nha Trang, South Vietnam's Khanh Hoa Province Hospital in the summer of 1968. Employed in the Washington D.C. office were three staff members including an executive director, a secretary and an accountant.
There is little information on why this program eventually ended after only being in operation for three years. At the end of the first contract year there was ambivalence over whether the program was actually effective mainly because, some argued, that USAID had too many regulatory provisions and not enough emphasis on the mission itself and the Catholic contributions to the cause.
The Vietnam Assistance Program was in operation from 1968 to 1971. The program was an interesting alliance between members of the American Catholic Church and the United States Assistance for International Development. Unfortunately the union was not cohesive enough to last because the relationship only after five years came to an end. The collection makes up 5 boxes, 71 folders and equals to 2.5 linear feet. The materials have been broken down into 5 series: the first series covers the Monthly Progress Reports dating from 1968 to 1971, the second series includes the USAID Contract Vn-39, insurance contracts, administrative reports and employee documents dating from 1966 to 1971, in the third series one will find the renewal of the USAID Contract: Vn-39 staff questionnaires taken in 1969, the forth series holds an impressive array of photographs taken from 1968 to 1971, and lastly, the fifth series consists of miscellaneous publications and clippings from the years 1967-1968 and 1971.
The first, third and fourth series gives a greater understanding as to how the program functioned during the period it was in operation. The medical personnel spent a few months, before going to Vietnam, in an orientation and training program at the Asian Training Center in Hawaii. The majority of the time the Program members participated in an intensive Vietnamese language course; additionally, they spent two weeks on a rice farm. The Rice Planting Program at the Agricultural Center was important because the participants were able to understand and gain greater empathy for the rice growing population in Vietnam. This training was thoroughly documented by the nurses in the first few monthly reports of the Vietnam Assistance Program. It is accompanied by photographs taken of the first team of volunteers who went to the Khanh Hoa Province Hospital in the summer of 1968.
The monthly reports detail the operations of the day to day programs and activities as well as it reports on the overall needs of the Program. The third series unveils the personal accounts of the volunteers and professionals working in the Vietnam Assistance Program, only one year after it began. The questionnaires illustrate the general themes and concerns that many of the personnel felt while serving in Vietnam. The photographs as well depict the overall environment of the Program; they date from 1968 up through 1970. Some are in color; however, the majority is in black and white. The pictures illustrate the daily medical routines, scenes from the rice fields in Hawaii, scenes from Christmas in 1968 in Nha Trang and pictures taken of the Nha Trang Assistant Nurse School.
After reviewing the reports and the questionnaires about the renewal of the program contract, it becomes apparent that the Vietnam Assistance Program was not without its problems. In particular, there was a lot of miscommunication between the USCC employees in Vietnam and USAID. Many of the Program personnel were disappointed in the fact that the USCC had very little authority in the Program. Likewise, the personnel felt frustration in the disorganization of the Program, and in the fact that their skills were being underused. Furthermore, the program did not have a strong Christian mission; it focused more generally on the development of a Public Health System. In the end the personnel felt more like government employees, with little to no religious context.
The second series covers the logistical and managerial piece to the program. In it one will find general administrative documents and forms, a map of where the USCC personnel were located in Vietnam, and a list of the USCC employees in Vietnam Assistance Program in 1970, employment contracts, a large organizational chart of the Ministry of Health from 1967, as well as a speech given April 10, 1971 on behalf of Board of Directors, teaching staff and graduated students of the Nursing School. This series also contains the Constitutions and By-Laws of the Hospital Board of the Holy Family Hospital in Qui Nhon and employee contracts for the Holy Family Hospital. For the financial records there are budgetary expenses, a Letter of Credit payment vouchers, contract expenses including staff salaries, funding for the contract in 1970, a financial report form from 1969 to 1970 and documentation of an audit of the USAID Mission in Vietnam in 1970.
Within the second series there are as well USAID documents such as a government travel regulation booklet from 1965, a USAID notice on emergency visitation travel for the Mission to Vietnam in 1970, USAID policy materials on increases in maximum per diem rates sent on November 20, 1969, standardized government travel regulations prepared for the Program members on November 10, 1969, visitation travel and emergency visitation travel documents sent on November 10, 1969, a travel fact sheet outlining the use of foreign flag airlines for travel sent on April 25, 1969, request and approval form for unofficial travel outside of Vietnam, a rest and recuperation travel form sent out by AID on March 8, 1968, USAID/Vietnam policy and procedures order outlining the travel for single personnel in 1967, and a guide on per diem allowance for travel in foreign areas sent out by the Department of State.
There are many policy and procedural forms by USAID including: office hours and hours of work, with attachments A-E, USAID/Vietnam policy and procedures order: USAID duty officer system, with Attachment 33.1 and premium compensation, request and authorization for overtime/holiday work form, approval to liquidate compensatory time by payment, overtime and holiday work policies, U.S. mission policies and procedures; Saigon, Vietnam: separate maintenance allowance, USAID/Vietnam Policy and Procedures Order: U.S. mission housing assignment policy, Manual Transmittal Letter: employee responsibility and conduct, Manual Order: employee responsibility and conduct, and a Uniform State/AID/USIA Regulations by AID.
The last series contains publications and clippings that relate to Vietnam and mission work in Vietnam but do not specifically touch on the USCC Vietnam Assistance Program. It is easy to imagine that these materials were used as educational devices by the staff of the Program.
The Records of the Department of Health Affairs/Vietnam Assistance Program consist of 5 series:
There are access restrictions for 25 years from date of record creation or living persons.
This record series is indexed under the following controlled access subject terms.
Donated by the United States Catholic Conference (USCC) in 1972.
Processing completed in April 2010 by Miranda Mims. EAD markup completed in April 2010 by Miranda Mims.
The monthly reports are detailed descriptions noting the practices, programs, activities, needs, budget and personnel of the Vietnam Assistance Program. The reports start from the first month in operation until the last month, June 1971.
This series holds both the logistical, managerial and administrative documents of the Vietnam Assistance Program and the policy and procedural documents of USAID.
The program contract questionnaire was taken by the Vietnam Assistance Program personnel at the end of the first year in 1969.
Many of the photographs are not labeled; however, there is a sheet detailing the identification of the photographs in the first folder of the series that can assist in locating the persons and/or places of the photographs.
Publications and clippings relating to Vietnam and mission work in Vietnam not specific to the USCC Vietnam Assistance Program