Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2022. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization. The church consists of 24 ''sui iuris'' churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and eparchies located around the world. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the chief pastor of the church. The Diocese of Rome, known as the Holy See, is the central governing authority of the church. The administrative body of the Holy See, the Roman Curia, has its principal offices in Vatican City, a small independent city-state and enclave within the Italian capital city of Rome, of which the pope is head of state.The core beliefs of Catholicism are found in the Nicene Creed. The Catholic Church teaches that it is the one, holy, catholic and apostolic church founded by Jesus Christ in his Great Commission, that its bishops are the successors of Christ's apostles, and that the pope is the successor to Saint Peter, upon whom primacy was conferred by Jesus Christ. It maintains that it practises the original Christian faith taught by the apostles, preserving the faith infallibly through scripture and sacred tradition as authentically interpreted through the magisterium of the church. The Roman Rite and others of the Latin Church, the Eastern Catholic liturgies, and institutes such as mendicant orders, enclosed monastic orders and third orders reflect a variety of theological and spiritual emphases in the church.
Of its seven sacraments, the Eucharist is the principal one, celebrated liturgically in the Mass. The church teaches that through consecration by a priest, the sacrificial bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ. The Virgin Mary is venerated as the Perpetual Virgin, Mother of God, and Queen of Heaven; she is honoured in dogmas and devotions.|}} Catholic social teaching emphasizes voluntary support for the sick, the poor, and the afflicted through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy. The Catholic Church operates tens of thousands of Catholic schools, universities and colleges, hospitals, and orphanages around the world, and is the largest non-government provider of education and health care in the world. Among its other social services are numerous charitable and humanitarian organizations.
The Catholic Church has profoundly influenced Western philosophy, culture, art, literature, music, law, and science. Catholics live all over the world through missions, immigration, diaspora, and conversions. Since the 20th century, the majority have resided in the Southern Hemisphere, partially due to secularization in Europe and increased persecution in the Middle East. The Catholic Church shared communion with the Eastern Orthodox Church until the East–West Schism in 1054, disputing particularly the authority of the pope. Before the Council of Ephesus in AD 431, the Church of the East also shared in this communion, as did the Oriental Orthodox Churches before the Council of Chalcedon in AD 451; all separated primarily over differences in Christology. The Eastern Catholic Churches, who have a combined membership of approximately 18 million, represent a body of Eastern Christians who returned or remained in communion with the pope during or following these schisms for a variety of historical circumstances. In the 16th century, the Reformation led to the formation of separate, Protestant groups. From the late 20th century, the Catholic Church has been criticized for its teachings on sexuality, its doctrine against ordaining women, and its handling of sexual abuse cases involving clergy.
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5751Created 1977“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5752Created 1985“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Spoleto (Italy)...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5753Created 1965“...Catholic Church...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5754Created 1959“...Catholic Church...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5755Created 1966“...Catholic Church. Congregatio Sacrorum Rituum...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5756Created 1979“...Catholic Church. Congregatio pro Causis Sanctorum...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5757Created 1885“...Catholic Church. Congregatio de Propaganda Fide...”
Location: Falvey Library, Villanova University
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5758Created 1987“...Catholic Church. Congregatio pro Causis Sanctorum...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5759Created 1971“...Catholic Church...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5760Created 1980“...Catholic Church...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5761by O'Ryan, Jackie“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Seattle (Wash.)...”
Created 1997
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5762Created 1899“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of San Francisco (Calif.). Archbishop (1884-1914 : Riordan)...”
Location: Dinand Library, College of the Holy Cross
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5763Created 1907“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Fall River (Mass.). Bishop (1904-1907 : Stang)...”
Location: Dinand Library, College of the Holy Cross
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5764by John XXIII, Pope, 1881-1963“...Catholic Church. Pope (1958-1963 : John XXIII)...”
Created 1966
Location: Dinand Library, College of the Holy Cross
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5765Created 1896“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Worcester (Mass.)...”
Location: Dinand Library, College of the Holy Cross
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5766Created 1984“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Worcester (Mass.)...”
Location: Dinand Library, College of the Holy Cross
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5767Created 1994“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Worcester (Mass.)...”
Location: Dinand Library, College of the Holy Cross
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5768Created 1884“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Macerata and Tolentino (Italy). Bishop (1881-1887 : Galeati)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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5769Created 1979“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Committee on Priestly Life and Ministry...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5770Created 1983“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5771Created 1976“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5772Created 1975“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5773Created 1977“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5774Created 1727“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Cambrai (France). Archbishop (1723- 1764 : Saint Albin)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5775Created 1975“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5776Created 1978“...Catholic Church. Pontificia Commissio de Spirituali Migratorum atque Itinerantium Cura...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5777Created 1869“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Orle ans (France). Bishop (1849-1878 : Dupanloup)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5778Created 1951“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Newark (N.J.)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5779Created 1963“...Catholic Church. Archidiocese of New Orleans (La.)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5780Created 1963“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Baton Rouge (La.)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5781Created 1976“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Online Access
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5782Created 1977“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Online Access
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5783Created 1979“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Committee on Priestly Life and Ministry...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Online Access
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5784Created 1975“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Online Access
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5785Created 1978“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Online Access
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5786Created 1975“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Online Access
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5787Created 1975“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Online Access
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5788Created 1986“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5789Created 1972“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5790Created 1974“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Online Access
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5791Created 1973“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Online Access
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5792Created 1978“...Catholic Church. Pontificia Commissio de Spirituali Migratorum atque Itinerantium Cura...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Online Access
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5793Created 1968“...Catholic Church. Secretariatus pro Non Credentibus...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5794by O'Neill, John J.“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Created 1978
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5795Created 1974“...Catholic Church. Congregatio pro Cultu Divino...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5796Created 1983“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5797Created 1951“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Newark (N.J.)...”
Location: CRRA Digital Resources, Catholic Research Resources Alliance
Online Access
Online
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5798Created 1941“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Saint Louis (Mo.)...”
Location: CRRA Digital Resources, Catholic Research Resources Alliance
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5799Created 1963“...Catholic Church. Archidiocese of New Orleans (La.)...”
Location: CRRA Digital Resources, Catholic Research Resources Alliance
Online Access
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5800Created 1963“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Baton Rouge (La.)...”
Location: CRRA Digital Resources, Catholic Research Resources Alliance
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