Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2022. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization. The church consists of 24 ''sui iuris'' churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and eparchies located around the world. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the chief pastor of the church. The Diocese of Rome, known as the Holy See, is the central governing authority of the church. The administrative body of the Holy See, the Roman Curia, has its principal offices in Vatican City, a small independent city-state and enclave within the Italian capital city of Rome, of which the pope is head of state.The core beliefs of Catholicism are found in the Nicene Creed. The Catholic Church teaches that it is the one, holy, catholic and apostolic church founded by Jesus Christ in his Great Commission, that its bishops are the successors of Christ's apostles, and that the pope is the successor to Saint Peter, upon whom primacy was conferred by Jesus Christ. It maintains that it practises the original Christian faith taught by the apostles, preserving the faith infallibly through scripture and sacred tradition as authentically interpreted through the magisterium of the church. The Roman Rite and others of the Latin Church, the Eastern Catholic liturgies, and institutes such as mendicant orders, enclosed monastic orders and third orders reflect a variety of theological and spiritual emphases in the church.
Of its seven sacraments, the Eucharist is the principal one, celebrated liturgically in the Mass. The church teaches that through consecration by a priest, the sacrificial bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ. The Virgin Mary is venerated as the Perpetual Virgin, Mother of God, and Queen of Heaven; she is honoured in dogmas and devotions.|}} Catholic social teaching emphasizes voluntary support for the sick, the poor, and the afflicted through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy. The Catholic Church operates tens of thousands of Catholic schools, universities and colleges, hospitals, and orphanages around the world, and is the largest non-government provider of education and health care in the world. Among its other social services are numerous charitable and humanitarian organizations.
The Catholic Church has profoundly influenced Western philosophy, culture, art, literature, music, law, and science. Catholics live all over the world through missions, immigration, diaspora, and conversions. Since the 20th century, the majority have resided in the Southern Hemisphere, partially due to secularization in Europe and increased persecution in the Middle East. The Catholic Church shared communion with the Eastern Orthodox Church until the East–West Schism in 1054, disputing particularly the authority of the pope. Before the Council of Ephesus in AD 431, the Church of the East also shared in this communion, as did the Oriental Orthodox Churches before the Council of Chalcedon in AD 451; all separated primarily over differences in Christology. The Eastern Catholic Churches, who have a combined membership of approximately 18 million, represent a body of Eastern Christians who returned or remained in communion with the pope during or following these schisms for a variety of historical circumstances. In the 16th century, the Reformation led to the formation of separate, Protestant groups. From the late 20th century, the Catholic Church has been criticized for its teachings on sexuality, its doctrine against ordaining women, and its handling of sexual abuse cases involving clergy.
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5901Created 1990“...Catholic Church. Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops. National Office of Religious Education...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5902Created 2004“...Catholic Church. United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. Bishops' Committee on the Liturgy...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5903Created 2004“...Catholic Church. United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. Bishops' Committee on the Liturgy...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5904Created 2007“...Catholic Church. United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. Bishops' Committee on the Liturgy...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5905Created 1803“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Mexico City (Mexico). Archbishop (1551-1572 : Montúfar)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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5906Created 2000“...Catholic Church. Pope (1294-1303 : Boniface VIII)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5907Created 2000“...Catholic Church. Pope (1963-1978 : Paul VI)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5908Created 1809“...Catholic Church. Pope (1800-1823 : Pius VII)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5909Created 1882“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Newark (N.J.). Bishop (1881-1901 : Wigger)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5910Created 1901“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of St. Paul (Minn.). Archbishop (1888-1918 : Ireland)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5911Created 2004“...Catholic Church. United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. Bishops' Committee on the Liturgy...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5912Created 1974“...Catholic Church. Congregatio pro Cultu Divino...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5913Created 1814“...Catholic Church. Pope (1800-1823 : Pius VII)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5914Created 1997“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Louisville (Ky.)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5915Created 1839“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Saint Louis (Mo.). Bishop (1827-1843 : Rosati)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5916Created 1831“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Philadelphia (Pa.). Coadjutor Bishop (1830-1842 : Kenrick)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5917Created 1879“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Newark (N.J.). Bishop (1873-1880 : Corrigan)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5918Created 1862“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Detroit (Mich.). Administrator (1841-1869 : Peter Lefevere)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5919Created 1825“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Kildare and Leighlin (Ireland). Bishop (1819-1834 : Doyle)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5920Created 1808“...Catholic Church. Pope (1800-1823 : Pius VII)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5921Created 1977“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5922Created 1860“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Basse-Terre et Pointe-à-Pitre (Guadeloupe)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5923Created 1856“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Basse-Terre et Pointe-à-Pitre (Guadeloupe)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5924Created 1870“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Basse-Terre et Pointe-à-Pitre (Guadeloupe)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5925Created 1875“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Basse-Terre et Pointe-à-Pitre (Guadeloupe)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5926Created 1856“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Basse-Terre et Pointe-à-Pitre (Guadeloupe)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5927Created 1862“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Basse-Terre et Pointe-à-Pitre (Guadeloupe)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5928Created 1760“...Catholic Church. Pope (1740-1758 : Benedict XIV)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5929Created 1906“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Hereford (England). Bishop (1275-1282 : Thomas of Cantilupe)...”
Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
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5930
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5931Created 1944“...Catholic Church. Congregatio de Religiosis...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5932Created 1862“...Catholic Church...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5933Created 1891“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Aire and Dax (France). Bishop (1876-1905 : Denannoy)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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5934Created 1886“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Aire and Dax (France). Bishop (1876-1905 : Denannoy)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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5935Created 1865“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Tarbes (France). Bishop (1844-1870 : Mascarou Laurence)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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5936Created 1869“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Tarbes (France). Bishop (1844-1870 : Mascarou Laurence)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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5937Created 1863“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Tarbes (France). Bishop (1844-1870 : Mascarou Laurence)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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5938Created 1862“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Tarbes (France). Bishop (1844-1870 : Mascarou Laurence)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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5939Created 1866“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Tarbes (France). Bishop (1844-1870 : Mascarou Laurence)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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5940Created 1949“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Salina (Kan.)...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5941Created 1948“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Pittsburgh (Pa.)...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5942Created 1964“...Catholic Church...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5943Created 1962“...Catholic Church...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5944Created 1932“...Catholic Church...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5945Created 1983“...Catholic Church. Congregatio pro Cultu Divino...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5946Created 1984“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Bishops' Committee on the Liturgy...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5947Created 1886“...Catholic Church in the United States. Provincial Council. 4th. Cincinnati, 1855...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5948Created 1981“...Catholic Church...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5949Created 1988“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Bishops' Committee on the Liturgy...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5950Created 2004“...Catholic Church. Pontificium Consilium de Spirituali Migrantium atque Itinerantium Cura...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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