Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2022. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization. The church consists of 24 ''sui iuris'' churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and eparchies located around the world. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the chief pastor of the church. The Diocese of Rome, known as the Holy See, is the central governing authority of the church. The administrative body of the Holy See, the Roman Curia, has its principal offices in Vatican City, a small independent city-state and enclave within the Italian capital city of Rome, of which the pope is head of state.The core beliefs of Catholicism are found in the Nicene Creed. The Catholic Church teaches that it is the one, holy, catholic and apostolic church founded by Jesus Christ in his Great Commission, that its bishops are the successors of Christ's apostles, and that the pope is the successor to Saint Peter, upon whom primacy was conferred by Jesus Christ. It maintains that it practises the original Christian faith taught by the apostles, preserving the faith infallibly through scripture and sacred tradition as authentically interpreted through the magisterium of the church. The Roman Rite and others of the Latin Church, the Eastern Catholic liturgies, and institutes such as mendicant orders, enclosed monastic orders and third orders reflect a variety of theological and spiritual emphases in the church.
Of its seven sacraments, the Eucharist is the principal one, celebrated liturgically in the Mass. The church teaches that through consecration by a priest, the sacrificial bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ. The Virgin Mary is venerated as the Perpetual Virgin, Mother of God, and Queen of Heaven; she is honoured in dogmas and devotions.|}} Catholic social teaching emphasizes voluntary support for the sick, the poor, and the afflicted through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy. The Catholic Church operates tens of thousands of Catholic schools, universities and colleges, hospitals, and orphanages around the world, and is the largest non-government provider of education and health care in the world. Among its other social services are numerous charitable and humanitarian organizations.
The Catholic Church has profoundly influenced Western philosophy, culture, art, literature, music, law, and science. Catholics live all over the world through missions, immigration, diaspora, and conversions. Since the 20th century, the majority have resided in the Southern Hemisphere, partially due to secularization in Europe and increased persecution in the Middle East. The Catholic Church shared communion with the Eastern Orthodox Church until the East–West Schism in 1054, disputing particularly the authority of the pope. Before the Council of Ephesus in AD 431, the Church of the East also shared in this communion, as did the Oriental Orthodox Churches before the Council of Chalcedon in AD 451; all separated primarily over differences in Christology. The Eastern Catholic Churches, who have a combined membership of approximately 18 million, represent a body of Eastern Christians who returned or remained in communion with the pope during or following these schisms for a variety of historical circumstances. In the 16th century, the Reformation led to the formation of separate, Protestant groups. From the late 20th century, the Catholic Church has been criticized for its teachings on sexuality, its doctrine against ordaining women, and its handling of sexual abuse cases involving clergy.
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5801Created 1963“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Baton Rouge (La.)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5802Created 1764“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Als̈ (France). Bishop (1755-1776 : de Beauteville)...”
Location: John J. Burns Library, Boston College
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5803Created 1763“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Paris (France). Archbishop (1746-1781 : de Beaumont)...”
Location: John J. Burns Library, Boston College
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5804Created 1899“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of San Francisco (Calif.). Archbishop (1884-1914 : Riordan)...”
Location: Dinand Library, College of the Holy Cross
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5805Created 1907“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Fall River (Mass.). Bishop (1904-1907 : Stang)...”
Location: Dinand Library, College of the Holy Cross
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5806by John XXIII, Pope, 1881-1963“...Catholic Church. Pope (1958-1963 : John XXIII)...”
Created 1966
Location: Dinand Library, College of the Holy Cross
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5807Created 1896“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Worcester (Mass.)...”
Location: Dinand Library, College of the Holy Cross
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5808Created 1984“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Worcester (Mass.)...”
Location: Dinand Library, College of the Holy Cross
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5809Created 1994“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Worcester (Mass.)...”
Location: Dinand Library, College of the Holy Cross
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5810Created 1961“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: U.S. Catholic Special Collection, University of Dayton
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5811Created 1995“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Toledo (Ohio). Bishop's Study Committee on Sexual Abuse...”
Location: U.S. Catholic Special Collection, University of Dayton
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5812Created 1938“...Catholic Church. Pope (1878-1903 : Leo XIII)...”
Location: John J. Burns Library, Boston College
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5813Created 1950“...Catholic Church. Assemblě p̌iscopale de la province civile de Qub̌ec...”
Location: John J. Burns Library, Boston College
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5814
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5815
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5816Created 1973“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5817Created 1977“...Catholic Church. Congregatio pro Institutione Catholica...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5818Created 1969“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5819Created 1997“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Committee on the Church in Latin America...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5820Created 1970“...Catholic Church. Congregatio pro Cultu Divino...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5821Created 1997“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Committee on Science and Human Values...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5822Created 1998“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5823Created 1997“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5824Created 1998“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5825Created 1998“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5826Created 1998“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5827Created 1998“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5828Created 1998“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5829Created 1999“...Catholic Church. Congregatio pro Gentium Evangelizatione...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5830Created 1998“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Committee on Women in Society...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5831Created 1967“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5832Created 1980“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5833Created 1988“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5834Created 1974“...Catholic Church. Commission for Religious Relations with the Jews...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5835Created 1975“...Catholic Church. Congregatio pro Cultu Divino...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5836Created 1975“...Catholic Church. Congregatio pro Doctrina Fidei...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5837Created 1971“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5838Created 1970“...Catholic Church. Sacred Congregation for Divine Worship...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5839Created 1980“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5840Created 1966“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5841Created 1975“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5842Created 1999“...Catholic Church. Pontificium Consilium pro Laicis...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5843by Colecchi, Stephen M.“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Created 2000
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5844Created 1996“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Ad Hoc Committee on Stewardship...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5845Created 1988“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5846Created 1975“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5847Created 2000“...Catholic Church. Congregatio pro Doctrina Fidei...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5848Created 2000“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5849Created 2001“...Catholic Church. United States Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5850Created 2001“...Catholic Church. United States Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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