Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2022. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization. The church consists of 24 ''sui iuris'' churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and eparchies located around the world. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the chief pastor of the church. The Diocese of Rome, known as the Holy See, is the central governing authority of the church. The administrative body of the Holy See, the Roman Curia, has its principal offices in Vatican City, a small independent city-state and enclave within the Italian capital city of Rome, of which the pope is head of state.The core beliefs of Catholicism are found in the Nicene Creed. The Catholic Church teaches that it is the one, holy, catholic and apostolic church founded by Jesus Christ in his Great Commission, that its bishops are the successors of Christ's apostles, and that the pope is the successor to Saint Peter, upon whom primacy was conferred by Jesus Christ. It maintains that it practises the original Christian faith taught by the apostles, preserving the faith infallibly through scripture and sacred tradition as authentically interpreted through the magisterium of the church. The Roman Rite and others of the Latin Church, the Eastern Catholic liturgies, and institutes such as mendicant orders, enclosed monastic orders and third orders reflect a variety of theological and spiritual emphases in the church.
Of its seven sacraments, the Eucharist is the principal one, celebrated liturgically in the Mass. The church teaches that through consecration by a priest, the sacrificial bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ. The Virgin Mary is venerated as the Perpetual Virgin, Mother of God, and Queen of Heaven; she is honoured in dogmas and devotions.|}} Catholic social teaching emphasizes voluntary support for the sick, the poor, and the afflicted through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy. The Catholic Church operates tens of thousands of Catholic schools, universities and colleges, hospitals, and orphanages around the world, and is the largest non-government provider of education and health care in the world. Among its other social services are numerous charitable and humanitarian organizations.
The Catholic Church has profoundly influenced Western philosophy, culture, art, literature, music, law, and science. Catholics live all over the world through missions, immigration, diaspora, and conversions. Since the 20th century, the majority have resided in the Southern Hemisphere, partially due to secularization in Europe and increased persecution in the Middle East. The Catholic Church shared communion with the Eastern Orthodox Church until the East–West Schism in 1054, disputing particularly the authority of the pope. Before the Council of Ephesus in AD 431, the Church of the East also shared in this communion, as did the Oriental Orthodox Churches before the Council of Chalcedon in AD 451; all separated primarily over differences in Christology. The Eastern Catholic Churches, who have a combined membership of approximately 18 million, represent a body of Eastern Christians who returned or remained in communion with the pope during or following these schisms for a variety of historical circumstances. In the 16th century, the Reformation led to the formation of separate, Protestant groups. From the late 20th century, the Catholic Church has been criticized for its teachings on sexuality, its doctrine against ordaining women, and its handling of sexual abuse cases involving clergy.
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4251Created 1662“...Catholic Church. Pope (1655-1667 : Alexander VII)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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4252Created 1720“...Catholic Church. Pope (1676-1689 : Innocent XI)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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4253Created 1729“...Catholic Church. Pope (1724-1730 : Benedict XIII)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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4254Created 1748“...Catholic Church. Pope (1740-1758 : Benedict XIV)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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4255
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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4256Created 1768“...Catholic Church. Pope (1740-1758 : Benedict XIV)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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4257Created 1760“...Catholic Church. Pope (1758-1769 : Clement XIII)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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4258Created 1777“...Catholic Church. Pope (1758-1769 : Clement XIII)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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4259Created 1772“...Catholic Church. Pope (1769-1774 : Clement XIV)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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4260Created 1792“...Catholic Church. Pope (1775-1799 : Pius VI)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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4261Created 1800“...Catholic Church. Pope (1800-1823 : Pius VII)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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4262
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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4263Created 1884“...Catholic Church. Pope (1878-1903 : Leo XIII)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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4264
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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4265by Mesnard, Jean de la Noë, 1650-1717“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Nantes (France). Bishop (Beauvau)...”
Created 1723
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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4266Created 1855“...Catholic Church. Pope (1846-1878 : Pius IX)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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4267Created 1900“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Angoulême (France). Bishop (Mando)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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4268Created 1996“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Cincinnati (Ohio). Worship Office...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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4269Created 1967“...Catholic Church. Pope (1963-1978 : Paul VI)...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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4270Created 1982“...Catholic Church. Comisión Episcopal Española de Liturgia...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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4271Created 1966“...Catholic Church...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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4272Created 1905“...Catholic Church. Diocese of St. Louis (Mo.). Synod...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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4273Created 1959“...Catholic Church. Pope (1958-1963 : John XXIII)...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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4274Created 1982“...Catholic Church. Augustinianum...”
Location: Falvey Library, Villanova University
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4275Created 1947“...Catholic Church. Pope (1939-1958 : Pius XII)...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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4276Created 1957“...Catholic Church...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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4277by Maymard, V., 1833-1912“...Catholic Church. Congregatio Sacrorum Rituum. Sectio Historica...”
Created 1977
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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4278by Holzmann, Apollonio, O.S.F“...Catholic Church. Pope (1227-1241 : Gregorius IX)...”
Created 1749
Location: Falvey Library, Villanova University
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4279Created 1952“...Catholic Church...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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4280Created 1889“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of New Orleans (La.) Synod...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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4281Created 1939“...Catholic Church. Pope (1939-1958 : Pius XII)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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4282Created 1961“...Catholic Church. Pope (1958-1963 : John XXIII)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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4283Created 1949“...Catholic Church. Pope (1939-1958 : Pius XII)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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4284Created 1833“...Catholic Church. Province of Baltimore (Md.). Provincial Council...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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4285Created 1828“...Catholic Church. Province of Mechelen (Belgium). Synodus Provincialis...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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4286Created 1829“...Catholic Church. Province of Baltimore (Md.). Provincial Council...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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4287Created 1951“...Catholic Church. Pope (1939-1958 : Pius XII)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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4288Created 1963“...Catholic Church. Pope (1958-1963 : John XXIII)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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4289Created 1953“...Catholic Church. Pope (1939-1958 : Pius XII)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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4290Created 1977“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Fort Wayne-South Bend...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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4291Created 1980“...Catholic Church. Pope (1939-1958 : Pius XII)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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4292Created 1931“...Catholic Church. Pope (1922-1939 : Pius XI)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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4293Created 1971“...Catholic Church. Pope (1963-1978 : Paul VI)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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4294Created 1980“...Catholic Church. Pope (1903-1914 : Pius X)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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4295Created 1975“...Catholic Church. Pope (1963-1978 : Paul VI)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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4296Apostolic constitution on the sacrament of the anointing of the sick = Sacram unctionem infirmorum /Created 1973“...Catholic Church. Pope (1963-1978 : Paul VI)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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4297by Pius XI, Pope, 1857-1939“...Catholic Church. Pope (1922-1939 : Pius XI)...”
Created 1964
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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4298Created 1976“...Catholic Church. Pope (1963-1978 : Paul VI)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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4299Created 1966“...Catholic Church. Pope (1963-1978 : Paul VI)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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4300Created 1967“...Catholic Church. Pope (1963-1978 : Paul VI)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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