Pope Pius XII
Pope Pius XII (born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli, ; 2 March 18769 October 1958) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 2 March 1939 until his death in October 1958. Before his election to the papacy, he served as secretary of the Department of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, papal nuncio to Germany, and Cardinal Secretary of State, in which capacity he worked to conclude treaties with various European and Latin American nations, including the ''Reichskonkordat'' treaty with the German Reich.While the Vatican was officially neutral during World War II, the ''Reichskonkordat'' and his leadership of the Catholic Church during the war remain the subject of controversy—including allegations of public silence and inaction concerning the fate of the Jews. Pius employed diplomacy to aid the victims of the Nazis during the war and, through directing the church to provide discreet aid to Jews and others, saved hundreds of thousands of lives. Pius maintained links to the German resistance, and shared intelligence with the Allies. His strongest public condemnation of genocide was considered inadequate by the Allied Powers, while the Nazis viewed him as an Allied sympathizer who had dishonoured his policy of Vatican neutrality.
During his papacy, the Catholic Church issued the Decree against Communism, declaring that Catholics who profess communist doctrine are to be excommunicated as apostates from the Christian faith. The church experienced severe persecution and mass deportations of Catholic clergy in the Eastern Bloc. He explicitly invoked ''ex cathedra'' papal infallibility with the dogma of the Assumption of Mary in his Apostolic constitution . His forty-one encyclicals include ''Mystici Corporis Christi'', on the Church as the Mystical Body of Christ; ''Mediator Dei'' on liturgy reform; and ''Humani generis'', in which he instructed theologians to adhere to episcopal teaching and allowed that the human body might have evolved from earlier forms. He eliminated the Italian majority in the College of Cardinals in 1946.
After he died in 1958, Pope Pius XII was succeeded by John XXIII. In the process toward sainthood, his cause for canonization was opened on 18 November 1965 by Paul VI during the final session of the Second Vatican Council. He was made a Servant of God by John Paul II in 1990 and Benedict XVI declared Pius XII Venerable on 19 December 2009. Provided by Wikipedia
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51by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1956
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52by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1956
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53by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1954
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54by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1957
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55by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1957
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56by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1958
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58by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1936
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59by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1947
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60by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1956
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61by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1940
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62by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1940
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63by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1945
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64by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1958
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65by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1958
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66by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1939
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67by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1957
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68by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1946
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69by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1958
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70by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1945
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71by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1942
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72by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1940
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73by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1946
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74by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1945
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75by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1954
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76by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1957
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80by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
Created 1937
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81by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
Created 1938
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82by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
Created 1954
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83by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
Created 1952
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85by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
Created 1956
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86by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
Created 1952
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87by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
Created 1951
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88by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
Created 1951
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89by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
Created 1953
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90by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
Created 1945
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91by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
Created 1958
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92by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
Created 1940
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93by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
Created 1943
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94by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
Created 1951
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95by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
Created 1947
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96by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
Created 1953
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97by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1957
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98by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1948
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99by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
Created 1945
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100by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958Location: UD University Archives, University of Dayton
Created 1954
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