Pope Pius XII
Pope Pius XII (born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli, ; 2 March 18769 October 1958) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 2 March 1939 until his death in October 1958. Before his election to the papacy, he served as secretary of the Department of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, papal nuncio to Germany, and Cardinal Secretary of State, in which capacity he worked to conclude treaties with various European and Latin American nations, including the ''Reichskonkordat'' treaty with the German Reich.While the Vatican was officially neutral during World War II, the ''Reichskonkordat'' and his leadership of the Catholic Church during the war remain the subject of controversy—including allegations of public silence and inaction concerning the fate of the Jews. Pius employed diplomacy to aid the victims of the Nazis during the war and, through directing the church to provide discreet aid to Jews and others, saved hundreds of thousands of lives. Pius maintained links to the German resistance, and shared intelligence with the Allies. His strongest public condemnation of genocide was considered inadequate by the Allied Powers, while the Nazis viewed him as an Allied sympathizer who had dishonoured his policy of Vatican neutrality.
During his papacy, the Catholic Church issued the Decree against Communism, declaring that Catholics who profess communist doctrine are to be excommunicated as apostates from the Christian faith. The church experienced severe persecution and mass deportations of Catholic clergy in the Eastern Bloc. He explicitly invoked ''ex cathedra'' papal infallibility with the dogma of the Assumption of Mary in his Apostolic constitution . His forty-one encyclicals include ''Mystici Corporis Christi'', on the Church as the Mystical Body of Christ; ''Mediator Dei'' on liturgy reform; and ''Humani generis'', in which he instructed theologians to adhere to episcopal teaching and allowed that the human body might have evolved from earlier forms. He eliminated the Italian majority in the College of Cardinals in 1946.
After he died in 1958, Pope Pius XII was succeeded by John XXIII. In the process toward sainthood, his cause for canonization was opened on 18 November 1965 by Paul VI during the final session of the Second Vatican Council. He was made a Servant of God by John Paul II in 1990 and Benedict XVI declared Pius XII Venerable on 19 December 2009. Provided by Wikipedia
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101Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
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102Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
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103by Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958; Catholic Church. Pope (1939-1958 : Pius XII)Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created c. 1939
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104Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
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105Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
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106Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
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107Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
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108The family front : 50th anniversary of Rerum novarum, June 1, 1941 / radio address of Pope Pius XII.Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
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109Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
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110Created 1954Other Authors: “...Pius XII, Pope 1876-1958...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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111Created 1943Other Authors: “...Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958...”
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112Created 1939Other Authors: “...Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958...”
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113Created 1951Other Authors: “...Pius XII, Pope 1876-1958...”
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114Created 1951Other Authors: “...Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958...”
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115Created 1954Other Authors: “...Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958...”
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116Created 1957Other Authors: “...Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958...”
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117Created 1954Other Authors: “...Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958...”
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118Created 1957Other Authors: “...Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958...”
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119Created 1957Other Authors: “...Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958...”
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120Created 1940Other Authors: “...Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958...”
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121Created 1951Other Authors: “...Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958...”
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122Created 1947Other Authors: “...Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958...”
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123Created 1944Other Authors: “...Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958...”
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124Created 1957Other Authors: “...Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958...”
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125Created 1953Other Authors: “...Pius, XII, Pope, 1876-1958...”
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126Created 1980Other Authors: “...Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958...”
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127Created 1957Other Authors: “...Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958...”
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129Created 1980Other Authors: “...Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958...”
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131Created 1956Other Authors: “...Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958...”
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132by McClean, Lucius, 1919-Other Authors: “...Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958...”
Created 1949
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133Created 1945Other Authors: “...Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958...”
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134Created 1955Other Authors: “...Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958...”
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135Created 1953Other Authors: “...Pius, XII, Pope, 1876-1958...”
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136Created 1947Other Authors: “...Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958...”
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137Created 1957Other Authors: “...Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958...”
Location: Dinand Library, College of the Holy Cross
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138Created 1957Other Authors: “...Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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139Created 1951Other Authors: “...Pius XII, Pope 1876-1958...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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140Created 1944Other Authors: “...Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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141Created 1951Other Authors: “...Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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142Created 1943Other Authors: “...Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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143Created 1951Other Authors: “...Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958...”
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145Created 1954Other Authors: “...Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958...”
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146Created 1954Other Authors: “...Pius XII, Pope 1876-1958...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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147Created 1939Other Authors: “...Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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148Created 1940Other Authors: “...Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958...”
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149Created 1951Other Authors: “...Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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150Created 1953Other Authors: “...Pius XII, Pope, 1876-1958...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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