Pope Leo XIII
Pope Leo XIII (; born Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci;; English: Joachim Vincent Raphael Louis Pecci.}} 2 March 1810 – 20 July 1903) was head of the Catholic Church from 20 February 1878 until his death in July 1903. Living until the age of 93, he was the oldest pope, whose age can be validated, holding office (Benedict XVI became older (95) as Pope Emeritus), and had the fourth-longest reign of any pope, behind those of St. Peter, Pius IX (his immediate predecessor) and John Paul II.He is well known for his intellectualism and his attempts to define the position of the Catholic Church with regard to modern thinking. In his famous 1891 encyclical ''Rerum novarum'', Pope Leo outlined the rights of workers to a fair wage, safe working conditions, and the formation of trade unions, while affirming the rights to property and free enterprise, opposing both socialism and ''laissez-faire'' capitalism. With that encyclical, he became popularly titled as the "Social Pope" and the "Pope of the Workers", also having created the foundations for modern thinking in the social doctrines of the Catholic Church, influencing the thoughts of his successors. He influenced the Mariology of the Catholic Church and promoted both the rosary and the scapular. Upon his election, he immediately sought to revive Thomism, the theological system of Thomas Aquinas, desiring to refer to it as the official theological and philosophical foundation for the Catholic Church. As a result, he sponsored the Editio Leonina in 1879.
Leo XIII is particularly remembered for his belief that pastoral activity in political sociology was also a vital mission of the church as a vehicle of social justice and maintaining the rights and dignities of the human person. Leo XIII issued a record of eleven papal encyclicals on the rosary, earning him the title of the "Rosary Pope". In addition, he approved two new Marian scapulars. He was the first pope never to have held any control over the Papal States, which had been dissolved by 1870, since Pope Stephen II in the Eighth Century. Similarly, many of his policies were oriented towards mitigating the loss of the Papal States in an attempt to overcome the loss of temporal power, but nonetheless continuing the Roman Question.
After his death in 1903, he was buried in the Vatican Grottoes before his remains were later transferred in 1924 to the Basilica of Saint John Lateran. Provided by Wikipedia
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1by Leo XIII, Pope, 1810-1903Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1900
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2by Leo XIII, Pope, 1810-1903Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1878
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3by Leo XIII, Pope, 1810-1903Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1879
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4by Leo XIII, Pope, 1810-1903Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1883
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8by Leo XIII, Pope, 1810-1903Location: John M. Kelly Library, St. Michael's College
Created 1891
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11by Leo XIII, Pope, 1810-1903Location: William H. Hannon Library, Loyola Marymount University
Created 1887
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12Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
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30Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
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31Created 1919Other Authors: “...Leo XIII, Pope, 1810-1903...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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32Created 1978Other Authors: “...Leo XIII, Pope, 1810-1903...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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34Created 1895Other Authors: “...Leo XIII, Pope, 1810-1903...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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35Created 1893Other Authors: “...Leo XIII, Pope, 1810-1903...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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36Created 1902Other Authors: “...Leo XIII, Pope, 1810-1903...”
Location: Dinand Library, College of the Holy Cross
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37Created 1949Other Authors: “...Leo XIII, Pope, 1810-1903...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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38Created 1952Other Authors: “...Leo XIII, Pope, 1810-1903...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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39by Suárez de Urbina y Cañaveral, JoséOther Authors: “...Leo XIII, Pope, 1810-1903...”
Created 1901
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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40by Braig, Carl, 1853-1923Other Authors: “...Leo XIII, Pope, 1810-1903...”
Created 1903
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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41Created 1895Other Authors: “...Leo XIII, Pope, 1810-1903...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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43Created 1949Other Authors: “...Leo XIII, Pope, 1810-1903...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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44by Walsh, John, 1830-1898Other Authors: “...Leo XIII, Pope, 1810-1903...”
Created 1898
Location: John M. Kelly Library, St. Michael's College
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45Created 1883Other Authors: “...Leo XIII, Pope, 1810-1903...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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46Created 1955Other Authors: “...Leo XIII, Pope, 1810-1903...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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47Created 1998Other Authors: “...Leo XIII, Pope, 1810-1903...”
Location: UD University Archives, University of Dayton
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48Created 1891Other Authors: “...Leo XIII, Pope, 1810-1903...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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49Created 1893Other Authors: “...Leo XIII, Pope, 1810-1903...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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50Created 1902Other Authors: “...Leo XIII, Pope, 1810-1903...”
Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
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