Pope Pius IX
Pope Pius IX (, ''Pio Nono''; born Giovanni Maria Mastai Ferretti;.}} 13 May 1792 – 7 February 1878) was head of the Catholic Church from 1846 to 1878. His reign of 32 years is the second longest of any pope in history, behind that of Saint Peter. He was notable for convoking the First Vatican Council in 1868 and for permanently losing control of the Papal States in 1870 to the Kingdom of Italy. Thereafter, he refused to leave Vatican City, declaring himself a "prisoner in the Vatican".At the time of his election, some considered him liberal, but no longer after the Revolutions of 1848. Upon the assassination of his prime minister, Pellegrino Rossi, Pius fled Rome and excommunicated all participants in the short-lived Roman Republic. After its suppression by the French army and his return in 1850, his policies and doctrinal pronouncements became increasingly conservative. He was responsible for the kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara, a six-year-old taken by force from his Jewish family.
In his 1849 encyclical ''Ubi primum'', he emphasized Mary's role in salvation. In 1854, he promulgated the dogma of the Immaculate Conception, articulating a long-held Catholic belief that Mary, the Mother of God, was conceived without original sin. His 1864 ''Syllabus of Errors'' was a strong condemnation of liberalism, modernism, moral relativism, secularization, separation of church and state, and other Enlightenment ideas. Pius reaffirmed Catholic teaching in favor of making the Catholic faith the state religion where possible.
His appeal for financial support revived global donations known as Peter's Pence. He strengthened the central power of the Holy See and Roman Curia over the worldwide Catholic Church, while also formalizing the pope's ultimate doctrinal authority (the dogma of papal infallibility defined in 1870). Pope John Paul II beatified him in 2000. Provided by Wikipedia
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1by Pius IX, Pope, 1792-1878Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
Created 1865
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4by Pius IX, Pope, 1792-1878Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1854
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5by Pius IX, Pope, 1792-1878Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1860
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6by Pius IX, Pope, 1792-1878Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1862
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7by Pius IX, Pope, 1792-1878Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1952
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9by Pius IX, Pope, 1792-1878Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1854
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10by Pius IX, Pope, 1792-1878Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1874
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11by Pius IX, Pope, 1792-1878Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1869
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12by Pius IX, Pope, 1792-1878Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1874
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13by Pius IX, Pope, 1792-1878Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1875
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14by Pius IX, Pope, 1792-1878Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1875?
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15by Pius IX, Pope, 1792-1878Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1875
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16by Pius IX, Pope, 1792-1878Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1877
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20Created 1912Other Authors: “...Pius IX, Pope, 1792-1878...”
Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
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21Created 1865Other Authors: “...Pius IX, Pope, 1792-1878...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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22by Weninger, F. X. (Francis Xavier), 1805-1888Other Authors: “...Pius IX, Pope, 1792-1878...”
Created 1871
Location: UD University Archives, University of Dayton
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23Created 1865Other Authors: “...Pius IX, Pope, 1792-1878...”
Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
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24Created 1855Other Authors: “...Pius IX, Pope, 1792-1878...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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25Created 1869Other Authors: “...Pius IX, Pope, 1792-1878...”
Location: Dinand Library, College of the Holy Cross
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26Created 1877Other Authors: “...Pius IX, Pope, 1792-1878...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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27Created 1847Other Authors: “...Pius IX, Pope, 1792-1878...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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28Created 1855Other Authors: “...Pius IX, Pope, 1792-1878...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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29Created 1854Other Authors: “...Pius IX, Pope, 1792-1878...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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30Created 1872Other Authors: “...Pius IX, Pope, 1792-1878...”
Location: Benedictine University Library, Benedictine University
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31Created 1877Other Authors: “...Pius IX, Pope (1792-1878 : Pius IX)...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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32Created 1971Other Authors: “...Pius IX, Pope, 1792-1878...”
Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
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33Created 1872Other Authors: “...Pius IX, Pope, 1792-1878...”
Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
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34Created 1886Other Authors: “...Pius IX, Pope, 1792-1878...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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35Created 1868Other Authors: “...Pius IX, Pope, 1792-1878...”
Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
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36Created 1987Other Authors: “...Pius IX, Pope, 1792-1878...”
Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
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37Created 1908Other Authors: “...Pius IX, Pope, 1792-1878...”
Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
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