Pope Pius XI
Pope Pius XI (), born Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti}} (; 31 May 1857 – 10 February 1939), was the Bishop of Rome and supreme pontiff of the Catholic Church from 6 February 1922 to 10 February 1939. He also became the first sovereign of the Vatican City State upon its creation as an independent state on 11 February 1929. He remained head of the Catholic Church until his death in February 1939. His papal motto was "Pax Christi in Regno Christi", translated as "The Peace of Christ in the Reign of Christ".Pius XI issued numerous encyclicals, including ''Quadragesimo anno'' on the 40th anniversary of Pope Leo XIII's groundbreaking social encyclical ''Rerum novarum'', highlighting the capitalistic greed of international finance, the dangers of socialism/communism, and social justice issues, and ''Quas primas'', establishing the feast of Christ the King in response to anti-clericalism. The encyclical ''Studiorum ducem'', promulgated 29 June 1923, was written on the occasion of the 6th centenary of the canonization of Thomas Aquinas, whose thought is acclaimed as central to Catholic philosophy and theology. The encyclical also singles out the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, ''Angelicum'' as the preeminent institution for the teaching of Aquinas: "ante omnia Pontificium Collegium Angelicum, ubi Thomam tamquam domi suae habitare dixeris" (before all others the Pontifical Angelicum College, where Thomas can be said to dwell).
To establish or maintain the position of the Catholic Church, Pius XI concluded a record number of concordats, including the ''Reichskonkordat'' with Nazi Germany, whose betrayals of which he condemned four years later in the encyclical ''Mit brennender Sorge'' ("With Burning Concern"). During his pontificate, the longstanding hostility with the Italian government over the status of the papacy and the Church in Italy was successfully resolved in the Lateran Treaty of 1929. He was unable to stop the persecution of the Church and the killing of clergy in Mexico, Spain, and the Soviet Union. He canonized important saints, including Thomas More, Peter Canisius, Bernadette of Lourdes, and Don Bosco. He beatified and canonized Thérèse de Lisieux, for whom he held special reverence, and gave equivalent canonization to Albertus Magnus, naming him a Doctor of the Church due to the spiritual power of his writings. He took a strong interest in fostering the participation of lay people throughout the Catholic Church, especially in the Catholic Action movement. The end of his pontificate was dominated by speaking out against Hitler and Mussolini, and defending the Catholic Church from intrusions into Catholic life and education.
Pius XI died on 10 February 1939 in the Apostolic Palace and was buried in the Papal Grotto of Saint Peter's Basilica. In the course of excavating space for his tomb, two levels of burial grounds were uncovered which revealed bones now venerated as the bones of St. Peter. Provided by Wikipedia
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1by Pius XI, Pope, 1857-1939Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1964
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2by Pius XI, Pope, 1857-1939Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1937
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3by Pius XI, Pope, 1857-1939Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1931
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4by Pius XI, Pope, 1857-1939Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1937
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5by Pius XI, Pope, 1857-1939Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1938
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6by Pius XI, Pope, 1857-1939Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1937
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7by Pius XI, Pope, 1857-1939Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1964
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8by Pius XI, Pope, 1857-1939Location: William H. Hannon Library, Loyola Marymount University
Created 1935
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12by Pius XI, Pope, 1857-1939Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Created 1944
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13by Pius XI, Pope, 1857-1939Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
Created 1939
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15by Pius XI, Pope, 1857-1939Location: U.S. Catholic Special Collection, University of Dayton
Created 1936
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16by Pius XI, Pope, 1857-1939Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
Created 1985
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17Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
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34Created 1931Other Authors: “...Pius XI, Pope, 1857-1939...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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35Created 1932Other Authors: “...Pius XI, Pope, 1857-1939...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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37Created 1933Other Authors: “...Pius XI, Pope, 1857-1939...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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38Created 1932Other Authors: “...Pius XI, Pope, 1857-1939...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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39Created 1937Other Authors: “...Pius XI, Pope, 1857-1939...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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40Created 1936Other Authors: “...Pius XI, Pope, 1857-1939...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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41Created 1926Other Authors: “...Pius XI, Pope, 1857-1939...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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42Created 1960Other Authors: “...Pius XI, Pope, 1857-1939...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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43Created 1937Other Authors: “...Pius XI, Pope, 1857-1939...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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44Created 1931Other Authors: “...Pius XI, Pope, 1857-1939...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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45Created 1936Other Authors: “...Pius XI, Pope, 1857-1939...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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46Created 1936Other Authors: “...Pius XI, Pope, 1857-1939...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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47by Gasquet, Francis Aidan, 1846-1929Other Authors: “...Pius XI, Pope, 1857-1939...”
Created 1922
Location: Dinand Library, College of the Holy Cross
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48Created 1932Other Authors: “...Pius XI, Pope, 1857-1939...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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49Created 1932Other Authors: “...Pius XI, Pope, 1857-1939...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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50Created 1926Other Authors: “...Pius XI, Pope, 1857-1939...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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