Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2022. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization. The church consists of 24 ''sui iuris'' churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and eparchies located around the world. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the chief pastor of the church. The Diocese of Rome, known as the Holy See, is the central governing authority of the church. The administrative body of the Holy See, the Roman Curia, has its principal offices in Vatican City, a small independent city-state and enclave within the Italian capital city of Rome, of which the pope is head of state.The core beliefs of Catholicism are found in the Nicene Creed. The Catholic Church teaches that it is the one, holy, catholic and apostolic church founded by Jesus Christ in his Great Commission, that its bishops are the successors of Christ's apostles, and that the pope is the successor to Saint Peter, upon whom primacy was conferred by Jesus Christ. It maintains that it practises the original Christian faith taught by the apostles, preserving the faith infallibly through scripture and sacred tradition as authentically interpreted through the magisterium of the church. The Roman Rite and others of the Latin Church, the Eastern Catholic liturgies, and institutes such as mendicant orders, enclosed monastic orders and third orders reflect a variety of theological and spiritual emphases in the church.
Of its seven sacraments, the Eucharist is the principal one, celebrated liturgically in the Mass. The church teaches that through consecration by a priest, the sacrificial bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ. The Virgin Mary is venerated as the Perpetual Virgin, Mother of God, and Queen of Heaven; she is honoured in dogmas and devotions.|}} Catholic social teaching emphasizes voluntary support for the sick, the poor, and the afflicted through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy. The Catholic Church operates tens of thousands of Catholic schools, universities and colleges, hospitals, and orphanages around the world, and is the largest non-government provider of education and health care in the world. Among its other social services are numerous charitable and humanitarian organizations.
The Catholic Church has profoundly influenced Western philosophy, culture, art, literature, music, law, and science. Catholics live all over the world through missions, immigration, diaspora, and conversions. Since the 20th century, the majority have resided in the Southern Hemisphere, partially due to secularization in Europe and increased persecution in the Middle East. The Catholic Church shared communion with the Eastern Orthodox Church until the East–West Schism in 1054, disputing particularly the authority of the pope. Before the Council of Ephesus in AD 431, the Church of the East also shared in this communion, as did the Oriental Orthodox Churches before the Council of Chalcedon in AD 451; all separated primarily over differences in Christology. The Eastern Catholic Churches, who have a combined membership of approximately 18 million, represent a body of Eastern Christians who returned or remained in communion with the pope during or following these schisms for a variety of historical circumstances. In the 16th century, the Reformation led to the formation of separate, Protestant groups. From the late 20th century, the Catholic Church has been criticized for its teachings on sexuality, its doctrine against ordaining women, and its handling of sexual abuse cases involving clergy.
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5551Created 1981“...Catholic Church. Bishops' Conference of England and Wales. Social Welfare Commission...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5552Created 1718“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Soissons (France). Bishop (1715-1730 : Languet)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5553Created 1869“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Troyes (France). Bishop (1860-1875 : Ravinet)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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5554“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Reims (France). Archbishop (1874-1905 : Langénieux)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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5555
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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5556Created 1886“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Tarbes (France). Bishop (1882-1899 : Billère)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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5557Created 1997“...Catholic Church. Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops. National Liturgical Office...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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5558Created 1892“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Tarbes (France). Bishop (1882-1899 : Billère)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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5559Created 1848“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Lyon (France). Archbishop (1840-1848 : Bonald)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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5560Created 1836“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Paris (France). Archbishop (1821-1839 : Quélen)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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5561Created 1904“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Mende (France). Bishop (1901-1906 : Bouquet)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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5562Created 1883“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Tarbes (France). Bishop (1882-1889 : Billère)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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5563Created 1886“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Tarbes (France). Bishop (1882-1889 : Billère)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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5564Created 1863“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Poitiers (France). Bishop (1849-1880 : Pie)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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5565Created 1873“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Poitiers (France). Bishop (1849-1880 : Pie)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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5566Created 1900“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Reims (France). Archbishop (1874-1905 : Langénieux)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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5567Created 1907“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Poitiers (France). Bishop (1894-1911 : Pelgé)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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5568Created 1913“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Verdun (France). Bishop (1910-1913 : Chollet)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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5569Created 1873“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Troyes (France). Bishop (1860-1875 : Ravinet)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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5570Created 1854“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Grenoble (France). Bishop (1853-1870 : Ginoulhiac)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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5571Created 1854“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Grenoble (France). Bishop (1853-1870 : Ginoulhiac)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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5572by Fénelon, François de Salignac de La Mothe-, 1651-1715“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Cambrai (France). Archbishop (1695-1715 : Fénelon)...”
Created 1824
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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5573
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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5574Created 1977“...Catholic Church...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5575Created 2000“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Bishops' Committee on Evangelization...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5576Created 1990“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Cleveland (Ohio)...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5577by Sopko, Catherine“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Toledo (Ohio)...”
Created 1999
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5578Created 1931“...Catholic Church...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5579Created 1931“...Catholic Church. Diocese di Ascoli Satriano e Cerignola (Italy)...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5580Created 1962“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Natchez-Jackson (Miss.)...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5581Created 2003“...Catholic Church. United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. Committee on the Liturgy...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5582Created 2002“...Catholic Church. Congregatio de Cultu Divino et Disciplina Sacramentorum...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5583Created 1997“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Chicago (Ill.). Archbishop (1982-1996 : Bernardin)...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5584Created 1981“...Catholic Church. Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops. National Liturgical Office...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5585Created 1999“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Bishop's Committee on the Liturgy...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5586Created 1999“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Bishop's Committee on the Liturgy...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5587Created 1978“...Catholic Church. Congregatio pro Causis Sanctorum...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5588Created 1978“...Catholic Church. Congregatio pro Causis Sanctorum...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5589Created 1990“...Catholic Church. Congregatio pro Cultu Divino et Disciplina Sacramentorum...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5590Created 1986“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Bishops' Committee on the Liturgy...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5591by Arizmendi Esquivel, Felipe“...Catholic Church. Diocese of San Cristóbal de Las Casas (Mexico)...”
Created 2005
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5592Created 1997“...Catholic Church...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5593Created 1984“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Chicago (Ill.). Archbishop (1982-1996 : Bernardin)...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5594Created 1982“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Bishops' Committee on the Liturgy...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5595Created 1975“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Bishops' Committee on the Liturgy...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5596Created 1982“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Bishops' Committee on the Liturgy...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5597Created 1981“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Bishops' Committee on the Liturgy...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5598Created 1967“...Catholic Church...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5599Created 1987“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Bishops' Committee on the Liturgy...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5600Created 1986“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Bishops' Committee on the Liturgy...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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