Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2022. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization. The church consists of 24 ''sui iuris'' churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and eparchies located around the world. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the chief pastor of the church. The Diocese of Rome, known as the Holy See, is the central governing authority of the church. The administrative body of the Holy See, the Roman Curia, has its principal offices in Vatican City, a small independent city-state and enclave within the Italian capital city of Rome, of which the pope is head of state.The core beliefs of Catholicism are found in the Nicene Creed. The Catholic Church teaches that it is the one, holy, catholic and apostolic church founded by Jesus Christ in his Great Commission, that its bishops are the successors of Christ's apostles, and that the pope is the successor to Saint Peter, upon whom primacy was conferred by Jesus Christ. It maintains that it practises the original Christian faith taught by the apostles, preserving the faith infallibly through scripture and sacred tradition as authentically interpreted through the magisterium of the church. The Roman Rite and others of the Latin Church, the Eastern Catholic liturgies, and institutes such as mendicant orders, enclosed monastic orders and third orders reflect a variety of theological and spiritual emphases in the church.
Of its seven sacraments, the Eucharist is the principal one, celebrated liturgically in the Mass. The church teaches that through consecration by a priest, the sacrificial bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ. The Virgin Mary is venerated as the Perpetual Virgin, Mother of God, and Queen of Heaven; she is honoured in dogmas and devotions.|}} Catholic social teaching emphasizes voluntary support for the sick, the poor, and the afflicted through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy. The Catholic Church operates tens of thousands of Catholic schools, universities and colleges, hospitals, and orphanages around the world, and is the largest non-government provider of education and health care in the world. Among its other social services are numerous charitable and humanitarian organizations.
The Catholic Church has profoundly influenced Western philosophy, culture, art, literature, music, law, and science. Catholics live all over the world through missions, immigration, diaspora, and conversions. Since the 20th century, the majority have resided in the Southern Hemisphere, partially due to secularization in Europe and increased persecution in the Middle East. The Catholic Church shared communion with the Eastern Orthodox Church until the East–West Schism in 1054, disputing particularly the authority of the pope. Before the Council of Ephesus in AD 431, the Church of the East also shared in this communion, as did the Oriental Orthodox Churches before the Council of Chalcedon in AD 451; all separated primarily over differences in Christology. The Eastern Catholic Churches, who have a combined membership of approximately 18 million, represent a body of Eastern Christians who returned or remained in communion with the pope during or following these schisms for a variety of historical circumstances. In the 16th century, the Reformation led to the formation of separate, Protestant groups. From the late 20th century, the Catholic Church has been criticized for its teachings on sexuality, its doctrine against ordaining women, and its handling of sexual abuse cases involving clergy.
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5701Created 1721“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Soissons (France). Bishop (1715-1730 : Languet)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5702Created 1884“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Albany (N.Y.). Diocesan Synod...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5703Created 1749“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Tours (France). Archbishop (1723-1750 : Rastignac)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5704Created 1954“...Catholic Church. Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong. Bishop (1951-1968 : Bianchi)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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5705Created 1792“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Lisbon (Portugal). Patriarch (1786-1818 : José Francisco Miguel...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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5706Created 1982“...Catholic Church...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5707Created 1991“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Bishops' Committee on the Liturgy...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5708Created 1995“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5709Created 1998“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Secretariat for Ecumenical...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5710Created 2006“...Catholic Church. United States Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5711Created 2003“...Catholic Church. United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. Committee on Migration...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5712Created 1884“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Albany (N.Y.). Diocesan Synod...”
Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
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5713Created 1974“...Catholic Church. Congregatio pro Cultu Divino...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5714Created 2002“...Catholic Church. United States Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5715
Location: Dinand Library, College of the Holy Cross
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5716Created 1995“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Bishops' Committee on Women in Society...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5717Created 1868“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of New York (N.Y.). Diocesan Synod...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5718Created 1995“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5719Created 1948“...Catholic Church. Pope (1939-1958 : Pius XII)...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5720Created 1999“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Bishops' Committee on Shrines...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5721Created 1759“...Catholic Church. Pope (1740-1758 : Benedict XIV)...”
Location: Cudahy Archives, Loyola University Chicago
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5722Created 2001“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Bishops' Committee on Priestly Life...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5723Created 2004“...Catholic Church. United States Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5724Created 1992“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Bishops' Committee on Marriage and Family...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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5725Created 1860“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Basse-Terre et Pointe-à-Pitre (Guadeloupe)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5726Created 1856“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Basse-Terre et Pointe-à-Pitre (Guadeloupe)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5727Created 1870“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Basse-Terre et Pointe-à-Pitre (Guadeloupe)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5728Created 1875“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Basse-Terre et Pointe-à-Pitre (Guadeloupe)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5729Created 1856“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Basse-Terre et Pointe-à-Pitre (Guadeloupe)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5730Created 1856“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Basse-Terre et Pointe-à-Pitre (Guadeloupe)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5731Created 1862“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Basse-Terre et Pointe-à-Pitre (Guadeloupe)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5732Created 1868“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Basse-Terre et Pointe-à-Pitre (Guadeloupe)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5733Created 1971“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Bishop's Committee on the Permanent...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5734Created 1976“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5735Created 1977“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5736Created 1979“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Committee on Priestly Life and Ministry...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5737Created 1978“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5738Created 1974“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5739Created 1973“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5740Created 1868“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Orle ans (France). Bishop (1849-1878 : Dupanloup)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5741Created 1975“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5742Created 1975“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5743Created 1986“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5744Created 1972“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5745Created 1978“...Catholic Church. Pontificia Commissio de Spirituali Migratorum atque Itinerantium Cura...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5746Created 1968“...Catholic Church. Secretariatus pro Non Credentibus...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5747by O'Neill, John J.“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Created 1978
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5748Created 1974“...Catholic Church. Congregatio pro Cultu Divino...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5749Created 1951“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Newark (N.J.)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5750Created 1963“...Catholic Church. Archidiocese of New Orleans (La.)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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Journal