Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2022. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization. The church consists of 24 ''sui iuris'' churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and eparchies located around the world. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the chief pastor of the church. The Diocese of Rome, known as the Holy See, is the central governing authority of the church. The administrative body of the Holy See, the Roman Curia, has its principal offices in Vatican City, a small independent city-state and enclave within the Italian capital city of Rome, of which the pope is head of state.The core beliefs of Catholicism are found in the Nicene Creed. The Catholic Church teaches that it is the one, holy, catholic and apostolic church founded by Jesus Christ in his Great Commission, that its bishops are the successors of Christ's apostles, and that the pope is the successor to Saint Peter, upon whom primacy was conferred by Jesus Christ. It maintains that it practises the original Christian faith taught by the apostles, preserving the faith infallibly through scripture and sacred tradition as authentically interpreted through the magisterium of the church. The Roman Rite and others of the Latin Church, the Eastern Catholic liturgies, and institutes such as mendicant orders, enclosed monastic orders and third orders reflect a variety of theological and spiritual emphases in the church.
Of its seven sacraments, the Eucharist is the principal one, celebrated liturgically in the Mass. The church teaches that through consecration by a priest, the sacrificial bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ. The Virgin Mary is venerated as the Perpetual Virgin, Mother of God, and Queen of Heaven; she is honoured in dogmas and devotions.|}} Catholic social teaching emphasizes voluntary support for the sick, the poor, and the afflicted through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy. The Catholic Church operates tens of thousands of Catholic schools, universities and colleges, hospitals, and orphanages around the world, and is the largest non-government provider of education and health care in the world. Among its other social services are numerous charitable and humanitarian organizations.
The Catholic Church has profoundly influenced Western philosophy, culture, art, literature, music, law, and science. Catholics live all over the world through missions, immigration, diaspora, and conversions. Since the 20th century, the majority have resided in the Southern Hemisphere, partially due to secularization in Europe and increased persecution in the Middle East. The Catholic Church shared communion with the Eastern Orthodox Church until the East–West Schism in 1054, disputing particularly the authority of the pope. Before the Council of Ephesus in AD 431, the Church of the East also shared in this communion, as did the Oriental Orthodox Churches before the Council of Chalcedon in AD 451; all separated primarily over differences in Christology. The Eastern Catholic Churches, who have a combined membership of approximately 18 million, represent a body of Eastern Christians who returned or remained in communion with the pope during or following these schisms for a variety of historical circumstances. In the 16th century, the Reformation led to the formation of separate, Protestant groups. From the late 20th century, the Catholic Church has been criticized for its teachings on sexuality, its doctrine against ordaining women, and its handling of sexual abuse cases involving clergy.
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5751Created 1963“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Baton Rouge (La.)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5752Created 1977“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5753Created 1983“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Online Access
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5754Created 1975“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Online Access
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5755Created 1869“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Orle ans (France). Bishop (1849-1878 : Dupanloup)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Online Access
eBook -
5756Created 1899“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of San Francisco (Calif.). Archbishop (1884-1914 : Riordan)...”
Location: Dinand Library, College of the Holy Cross
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5757Created 1907“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Fall River (Mass.). Bishop (1904-1907 : Stang)...”
Location: Dinand Library, College of the Holy Cross
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5758by John XXIII, Pope, 1881-1963“...Catholic Church. Pope (1958-1963 : John XXIII)...”
Created 1966
Location: Dinand Library, College of the Holy Cross
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5759Created 1896“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Worcester (Mass.)...”
Location: Dinand Library, College of the Holy Cross
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5760Created 1984“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Worcester (Mass.)...”
Location: Dinand Library, College of the Holy Cross
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5761Created 1994“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Worcester (Mass.)...”
Location: Dinand Library, College of the Holy Cross
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5762Created 1740“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Milan (Italy). Archbishop, 1564-1584 (Carlo Borromeo)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5763Created 1979“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Committee on Priestly Life and Ministry...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5764Created 1983“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5765by Bourget, Ignace, 1799-1885“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Montréal (Quebec, Canada). Bishop (1840-1876 : Bourget)...”
Created 1856
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5766Created 1975“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5767Created 1976“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5768Created 1977“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5769Created 1971“...Catholic Church. Pontifical Commission for Social Communications...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Conference Proceeding Book -
5770Created 1975“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5771Created 1986“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5772Created 1972“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5773Created 1973“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5774Created 1974“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5775Created 1872“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Wheeling (W. Va.). Bishop (1850-1874 : Whelan)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5776Created 1865“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Tarbes (France). Bishop (1844-1870 : Mascarou Laurence)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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5777Created 1869“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Tarbes (France). Bishop (1844-1870 : Mascarou Laurence)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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5778Created 2004“...Catholic Church. Pontificium Consilium de Spirituali Migrantium atque Itinerantium Cura...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5779Created 2004“...Catholic Church. Pontificium Consilium de Spirituali Migrantium atque Itinerantium Cura...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5780Created 2004“...Catholic Church. Pontificium Consilium de Spirituali Migrantium atque Itinerantium Cura...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5781Created 2004“...Catholic Church. Pontificium Consilium de Spirituali Migrantium atque Itinerantium Cura...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5782Created 2004“...Catholic Church. Pontificium Consilium de Spirituali Migrantium atque Itinerantium Cura...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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5783Created 1803“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Mexico City (Mexico). Archbishop (1551-1572 : Montúfar)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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5784Created 1971“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Bishop's Committee on the Permanent...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5785Created 1968“...Catholic Church. Secretariatus pro Non Credentibus...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5786Created 1875“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Charleston (S.C.) Bishop (1858-1882 : Lynch)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5787Created 1872“...Catholic Church. Diocese of La Crosse (Wis.). Bishop (1868-1880 : Heiss)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5788by O'Neill, John J.“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Created 1978
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5789Created 1727“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Cambrai (France). Archbishop (1723- 1764 : Saint Albin)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5790Created 1975“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5791Created 1977“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5792Created 1978“...Catholic Church. Pontificia Commissio de Spirituali Migratorum atque Itinerantium Cura...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5793Created 1760“...Catholic Church. Pope (1740-1758 : Benedict XIV)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5794Created 2000“...Catholic Church. Pope (1294-1303 : Boniface VIII)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5795Created 1809“...Catholic Church. Pope (1800-1823 : Pius VII)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5796Created 2004“...Catholic Church. United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. Bishops' Committee on the Liturgy...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5797Created 1825“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Kildare and Leighlin (Ireland). Bishop (1819-1834 : Doyle)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5798Created 1808“...Catholic Church. Pope (1800-1823 : Pius VII)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5799Created 2000“...Catholic Church. Pope (1963-1978 : Paul VI)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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5800Created 1839“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Saint Louis (Mo.). Bishop (1827-1843 : Rosati)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
Book