Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.378 billion baptized Catholics worldwide It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization. The church consists of 24 ''sui iuris'' churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and eparchies located around the world. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the chief pastor of the church. The Diocese of Rome, known as the Holy See, is the central governing authority of the church. The administrative body of the Holy See, the Roman Curia, has its principal offices in Vatican City, a small independent city-state and enclave within the Italian capital city of Rome, of which the pope is head of state.The core beliefs of Catholicism are found in the Nicene Creed. The Catholic Church teaches that it is the one, holy, catholic and apostolic church founded by Jesus Christ in his Great Commission, that its bishops are the successors of Christ's apostles, and that the pope is the successor to Saint Peter, upon whom primacy was conferred by Jesus Christ. It maintains that it practises the original Christian faith taught by the apostles, preserving the faith infallibly through scripture and sacred tradition as authentically interpreted through the magisterium of the church. The Roman Rite and others of the Latin Church, the Eastern Catholic liturgies, and institutes such as mendicant orders, enclosed monastic orders and third orders reflect a variety of theological and spiritual emphases in the church.
Of its seven sacraments, the Eucharist is the principal one, celebrated liturgically in the Mass. The church teaches that through consecration by a priest, the sacrificial bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ. The Virgin Mary is venerated as the Perpetual Virgin, Mother of God, and Queen of Heaven; she is honoured in dogmas and devotions.|}} Catholic social teaching emphasizes voluntary support for the sick, the poor, and the afflicted through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy. The Catholic Church operates tens of thousands of Catholic schools, universities and colleges, hospitals, and orphanages around the world, and is the largest non-government provider of education and health care in the world. Among its other social services are numerous charitable and humanitarian organizations.
The Catholic Church has profoundly influenced Western philosophy, culture, art, literature, music, law, and science. Catholics live all over the world through missions, immigration, diaspora, and conversions. Since the 20th century, the majority have resided in the Southern Hemisphere, partially due to secularization in Europe and increased persecution in the Middle East. The Catholic Church shared communion with the Eastern Orthodox Church until the East–West Schism in 1054, disputing particularly the authority of the pope. Before the Council of Ephesus in AD 431, the Church of the East also shared in this communion, as did the Oriental Orthodox Churches before the Council of Chalcedon in AD 451; all separated primarily over differences in Christology. The Eastern Catholic Churches, who have a combined membership of approximately 18 million, represent a body of Eastern Christians who returned or remained in communion with the pope during or following these schisms for a variety of historical circumstances. In the 16th century, the Reformation led to the formation of separate, Protestant groups. From the late 20th century, the Catholic Church has been criticized for its teachings on sexuality, its doctrine against ordaining women, and its handling of sexual abuse cases involving clergy.
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6201Created 1855“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Chartres (France). Bishop, 1853-1889 (Louis-Eugène Regnault)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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6202Created 1856“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Nancy and Toul. Bishop, 1839-1859 (Alexis Basil Menjoud)...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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6203Created 2005“...Catholic Church. Congregatio pro Institutis Vitae Consecratae et Societatibus Vitae Apostolicae...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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6204by Fernández Risco, Miguel“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Seville (Spain). Departamento Diocesano de Catequesis de Sevilla...”
Created 1997
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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6205by Fernández Risco, Miguel“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Seville (Spain). Departamento Diocesano de Catequesis de Sevilla...”
Created 1996
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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6206by Fernández Risco, Miguel“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Seville (Spain). Departamento Diocesano de Catequesis de Sevilla...”
Created 1996
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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6207by Fernández Risco, Miguel“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Seville (Spain). Departamento Diocesano de Catequesis de Sevilla...”
Created 1995
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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6208by Suárez San Miguel, Concha“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Seville (Spain). Departamento Diocesano de Catequesis de Sevilla...”
Created 1997
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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6209Created 1897“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Vincennes (Ind.)...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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6210Created 1929“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Indianapolis (Ind.)...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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6211Created 1954“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Indianapolis (Ind.)...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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6212Created 1872“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Vincennes (Ind.)...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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6213Created 1870“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Pittsburgh (Pa.)...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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6214Created 1969“...Catholic Church...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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6215Created 1937“...Catholic Church...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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6216Created 1987“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Bishops' Committee on the Liturgy...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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6217Created 1988“...Catholic Church...”
Location: Paul Bechtold Library, Catholic Theological Union
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6218Created 2006“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Chicago (Ill.)...”
Location: U.S. Catholic Special Collection, University of Dayton
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6219Created 1987“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Committee on the Missions...”
Location: U.S. Catholic Special Collection, University of Dayton
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6220
Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
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6221
Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
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6222Created 1954“...Catholic Church. Pope (1362-1370 : Urban V)...”
Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
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6223Created 2004“...Catholic Church. Assemblee des eveques du Quebec...”
Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
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6224Created 1909“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Hereford (England). Bishop (1283-1317 : Richard de Swinfield)...”
Location: University Libraries of CUA, Catholic University of America
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6225Created 1992“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6226Created 1992“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6227Created 1993“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6228Created 1999“...Catholic Church. Pontificium Consilium de Spirituali Migrantium atque Itinerantium Cura...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6229Created 2004“...Catholic Church. United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. Office of Child and Youth Protection...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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6230Created 1842“...Catholic Church. Province of Baltimore (Md.). Provincial Council...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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6231Created 1965“...Catholic Church. Pope (1958-1963 : John XXIII)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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6232Created 1980“...Catholic Church. Pope (1978-2005 : John Paul II)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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6233Created 1973“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Ad Hoc Committee on Pro-life Activities...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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6234
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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6235Created 1847“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Vincennes (Ind) : Bishop (1839-1847 : Celestin de la Hailandière)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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6236Created 1975“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Ad Hoc Committee on Moral Values...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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6237Created 1725“...Catholic Church. Pope (1724-1730 : Benedict XIII)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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6238Created 1726“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Bourges (France). Archbishop (1679-1694 : Phélypeaux de La...”
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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6239Created 1890“...Catholic Church. Pope (1878-1903 : Leo XIII)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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6240Created 1985“...Polish National Catholic Church of America...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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6241Created 1838“...Catholic Church. Diocese of New York (N.Y.). Bishop (1826-1842 : John Dubois)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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6242Created 1821“...Catholic Church. Diocese of Troyes (France). Bishop (1809-1825 : Boulogne)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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6243Created 1890“...Catholic Church. Pope (1878-1903 : Leo XIII)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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6244by Reyes García de Lara, Salvador José“...Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Granada (Spain). Archbishop (1851-1865 : Reyes García de Lara)...”
Created 1854
Location: Marian Library, University of Dayton
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6245Created 1973“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Ad Hoc Committee on Pro-life Activities...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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6246by Pius IX, Pope, 1792-1878“...Catholic Church. Pope (1846-1878 : Pius IX)...”
Created 1865
Location: Dinand Library, College of the Holy Cross
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6247Created 1980“...Catholic Church. Pope (1978-2005 : John Paul II)...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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6248Created 1975“...Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Ad Hoc Committee on Moral Values...”
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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6249Created 1759“...Catholic Church. Pope (1758-1769 : Clement XIII)...”
Location: Cudahy Archives, Loyola University Chicago
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6250Created 1969“...Catholic Church. Congregatio pro Religiosis et Institutis Saecularibus...”
Location: Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University
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