Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2022. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization. The church consists of 24 ''sui iuris'' churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and eparchies located around the world. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the chief pastor of the church. The Diocese of Rome, known as the Holy See, is the central governing authority of the church. The administrative body of the Holy See, the Roman Curia, has its principal offices in Vatican City, a small independent city-state and enclave within the Italian capital city of Rome, of which the pope is head of state.The core beliefs of Catholicism are found in the Nicene Creed. The Catholic Church teaches that it is the one, holy, catholic and apostolic church founded by Jesus Christ in his Great Commission, that its bishops are the successors of Christ's apostles, and that the pope is the successor to Saint Peter, upon whom primacy was conferred by Jesus Christ. It maintains that it practises the original Christian faith taught by the apostles, preserving the faith infallibly through scripture and sacred tradition as authentically interpreted through the magisterium of the church. The Roman Rite and others of the Latin Church, the Eastern Catholic liturgies, and institutes such as mendicant orders, enclosed monastic orders and third orders reflect a variety of theological and spiritual emphases in the church.
Of its seven sacraments, the Eucharist is the principal one, celebrated liturgically in the Mass. The church teaches that through consecration by a priest, the sacrificial bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ. The Virgin Mary is venerated as the Perpetual Virgin, Mother of God, and Queen of Heaven; she is honoured in dogmas and devotions.|}} Catholic social teaching emphasizes voluntary support for the sick, the poor, and the afflicted through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy. The Catholic Church operates tens of thousands of Catholic schools, universities and colleges, hospitals, and orphanages around the world, and is the largest non-government provider of education and health care in the world. Among its other social services are numerous charitable and humanitarian organizations.
The Catholic Church has profoundly influenced Western philosophy, culture, art, literature, music, law, and science. Catholics live all over the world through missions, immigration, diaspora, and conversions. Since the 20th century, the majority have resided in the Southern Hemisphere, partially due to secularization in Europe and increased persecution in the Middle East. The Catholic Church shared communion with the Eastern Orthodox Church until the East–West Schism in 1054, disputing particularly the authority of the pope. Before the Council of Ephesus in AD 431, the Church of the East also shared in this communion, as did the Oriental Orthodox Churches before the Council of Chalcedon in AD 451; all separated primarily over differences in Christology. The Eastern Catholic Churches, who have a combined membership of approximately 18 million, represent a body of Eastern Christians who returned or remained in communion with the pope during or following these schisms for a variety of historical circumstances. In the 16th century, the Reformation led to the formation of separate, Protestant groups. From the late 20th century, the Catholic Church has been criticized for its teachings on sexuality, its doctrine against ordaining women, and its handling of sexual abuse cases involving clergy.
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151by Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Philadelphia (Pa.)Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1991
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152by Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Philadelphia (Pa.)Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1978
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153by Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Philadelphia (Pa.)Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1963
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154by Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Philadelphia (Pa.)Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1887
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155by Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Philadelphia (Pa.)Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1887
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156by Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Philadelphia (Pa.)Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created c. 1912
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157by Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Philadelphia (Pa.).Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1873
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158by Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Philadelphia (Pa.).Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1881
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159by Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Philadelphia (Pa.).Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1881
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160by Catholic Church. Plenary Council of BaltimoreLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 188?
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161by Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Philadelphia (Pa.)Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1915
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162by Catholic Church. Plenary Council of BaltimoreLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1916
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163by Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Denver (Colo.)Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1912 - 1968
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164by Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Hartford (Conn.)Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1898 - 1958
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165by Catholic Church. Diocese of Hartford (Conn.)Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1886 - 1897
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166by Catholic Church.; Diocese of Wilmington (Del.)Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1966 - 1967
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167by Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Chicago (Ill.)Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1892 - 1960
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168by Catholic Church.; Diocese of Wichita (Kan.)Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1912 - 1929
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169by Catholic Church.; Archdiocese of Louisville (Ky.)Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1891 - 1948
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170by Catholic Church.; Archdiocese of Baltimore (Md.)Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1853 - 1906
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171by Catholic Church.; Diocese of Omaha (Neb.)Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1909 - 1940
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172by Catholic Church.; Diocese of Philadelphia (Pa.)Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1833 - 1855
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173by Catholic Church.; Diocese of Philadelphia (Pa.)Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1860 - 1863
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174by Catholic Church.; Diocese of Philadelphia (Pa.)Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1864 - 1867
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175by Catholic Church.; Diocese of Philadelphia (Pa.)Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1867 - 1895
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176by Catholic Church.; Archdiocese of Philadelphia (Pa.)Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1896 - 2006
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177by Catholic Church.; Diocese of Pittsburgh (Pa.)Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1854 - 1968
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178by Catholic Church.; Diocese of Scranton (Pa.)Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1908 - 1916
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179by Catholic Church.; Archdiocese of Seattle (Wash.)Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1915 - 1948
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180by Catholic Church Extension Society of CanadaLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1942 - 1948
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181by Catholic Church Extension Society of CanadaLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1948 - 1948
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182by Polish National Catholic Church of America.Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1978
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183by Catholic Church. Diocese of Erie (Pa.)Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1893
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184by Catholic Church. Diocese of Altoona (Pa.)Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1930
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185by Catholic Church. Diocese of Marquette (Mich.)Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1953
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