Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2022. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization. The church consists of 24 ''sui iuris'' churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and eparchies located around the world. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the chief pastor of the church. The Diocese of Rome, known as the Holy See, is the central governing authority of the church. The administrative body of the Holy See, the Roman Curia, has its principal offices in Vatican City, a small independent city-state and enclave within the Italian capital city of Rome, of which the pope is head of state.The core beliefs of Catholicism are found in the Nicene Creed. The Catholic Church teaches that it is the one, holy, catholic and apostolic church founded by Jesus Christ in his Great Commission, that its bishops are the successors of Christ's apostles, and that the pope is the successor to Saint Peter, upon whom primacy was conferred by Jesus Christ. It maintains that it practises the original Christian faith taught by the apostles, preserving the faith infallibly through scripture and sacred tradition as authentically interpreted through the magisterium of the church. The Roman Rite and others of the Latin Church, the Eastern Catholic liturgies, and institutes such as mendicant orders, enclosed monastic orders and third orders reflect a variety of theological and spiritual emphases in the church.
Of its seven sacraments, the Eucharist is the principal one, celebrated liturgically in the Mass. The church teaches that through consecration by a priest, the sacrificial bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ. The Virgin Mary is venerated as the Perpetual Virgin, Mother of God, and Queen of Heaven; she is honoured in dogmas and devotions.|}} Catholic social teaching emphasizes voluntary support for the sick, the poor, and the afflicted through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy. The Catholic Church operates tens of thousands of Catholic schools, universities and colleges, hospitals, and orphanages around the world, and is the largest non-government provider of education and health care in the world. Among its other social services are numerous charitable and humanitarian organizations.
The Catholic Church has profoundly influenced Western philosophy, culture, art, literature, music, law, and science. Catholics live all over the world through missions, immigration, diaspora, and conversions. Since the 20th century, the majority have resided in the Southern Hemisphere, partially due to secularization in Europe and increased persecution in the Middle East. The Catholic Church shared communion with the Eastern Orthodox Church until the East–West Schism in 1054, disputing particularly the authority of the pope. Before the Council of Ephesus in AD 431, the Church of the East also shared in this communion, as did the Oriental Orthodox Churches before the Council of Chalcedon in AD 451; all separated primarily over differences in Christology. The Eastern Catholic Churches, who have a combined membership of approximately 18 million, represent a body of Eastern Christians who returned or remained in communion with the pope during or following these schisms for a variety of historical circumstances. In the 16th century, the Reformation led to the formation of separate, Protestant groups. From the late 20th century, the Catholic Church has been criticized for its teachings on sexuality, its doctrine against ordaining women, and its handling of sexual abuse cases involving clergy.
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1by Catholic Church“...Catholic Church. Pope (1963-1978 : Paul VI)...”
Created 1969
Location: Hesburgh Libraries, University of Notre Dame
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3by Catholic ChurchLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1849
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4by Catholic ChurchLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1912
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5by Catholic ChurchLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1918
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6by Catholic Church.Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 185-
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7by Catholic ChurchLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1903
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8by Catholic ChurchLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1850
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9by Catholic ChurchLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1856, listed 1861
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10by Catholic ChurchLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1875?
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11by Catholic ChurchLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1879
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12by Catholic ChurchLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1883
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13by Catholic ChurchLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1891
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14by Catholic ChurchLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1839
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15by Catholic Church.Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1962
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16by Catholic ChurchLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1937
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17by Catholic Church.Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1873
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18by Catholic Church.Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1969
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19by Catholic Church.Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1978
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20by Catholic ChurchLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1972
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21by Catholic ChurchLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created n.d.
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22by Catholic ChurchLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1971
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27by Catholic Church. Pope“...Catholic Church. Pope (1303-1304 : Benedict XI)...”
Created 1614
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28by Catholic Church. Bishops.Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1952
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29by Catholic Church. Diocese of Montreal. Catholic Church. Diocese of Montre´al.Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1842 - 1843
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30by Catholic Church. Byzantine riteLocation: Benedictine University Library, Benedictine University
Created 1940
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31by Catholic Church. Congregatio Concilii.Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1907
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32by Catholic Church, Province of BaltimoreLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1833
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33by Catholic Church, Province of BaltimoreLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1844
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34by Catholic Church, Province of BaltimoreLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1846
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35by Catholic Church, Archdiocese of MexicoLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1847
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36by Catholic Church, Province of BaltimoreLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1847
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37by Catholic Church, Province of BaltimoreLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1851
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38by Catholic Church, Province of BaltimoreLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1853
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39by Catholic Church, Province of BaltimoreLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1858
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40by Catholic Church, Province of BaltimoreLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1858
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41by Catholic Church, Diocese of DetroitLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1859
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42by Catholic Church. Congregatio Indicis.Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1866
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43by Catholic Church, Archdiocese of BaltimoreLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1870
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44by Catholic Church, Diocese of DetroitLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1884
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45by Catholic Church. Archdiocese of PhiladelphiaLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1996
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46by Catholic Church. Archdiocese of PhiladelphiaLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1985
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47by Catholic Church. Archdiocese of PhiladelphiaLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1937
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48by Catholic Church. Archdiocese of PhiladelphiaLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1996
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49by Catholic Church. Archdiocese of PhiladelphiaLocation: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1986
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50by Catholic Church. Synodus Episcoporum.Location: PAHRC Library, Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center (PAHRC)
Created 1985
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